Supreme Court&x27;s trans conversion ban ruling to start new legal debate Maureen Groppe, USA TODAY Tue, March 31, 2026 at 8:12 PM UTC 53 WASHINGTON – The Supreme Court on March 31 said Colorado's ban on LGBTQ+ "conversion therapy" for young people infringes on the free speech rights of a Christian counselor, the latest legal setback for LGBTQ+ Americans from the high court. Colorado officials argued that the law − which is similar to restrictions in about half the states – regulates professional conduct, not speech.
Supreme Court's trans conversion ban ruling to start new legal debate
Maureen Groppe, USA TODAY Tue, March 31, 2026 at 8:12 PM UTC
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WASHINGTON – The Supreme Court on March 31 said Colorado's ban on LGBTQ+ "conversion therapy" for young people infringes on the free speech rights of a Christian counselor, the latest legal setback for LGBTQ+ Americans from the high court.
Colorado officials argued that the law − which is similar to restrictions in about half the states – regulates professional conduct, not speech. And major medical groups have repudiated conversion therapy as ineffective and harmful.
But the Supreme Court sided 8-1 with the therapist challenging the ban, agreeing that the Denver-based 10th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals should have applied a stricter constitutional test to evaluate the law. The court sent the case back to the appeals court to be reconsidered under the tougher test, which it is unlikely to pass.
Enacted in 2019, Colorado's Minor Conversion Therapy Law defines conversion therapy as attempts to "change an individual's sexual orientation or gender identity, including efforts to change behaviors or gender expressions or to eliminate or reduce sexual or romantic attraction or feelings toward individuals of the same sex."
Writing for the majority, Justice Neil Gorsuch said Colorado's law tells the therapist "what views she may or may not express."
"Colorado may regard its policy as essential to public health and safety. Certainly, censorious governments throughout history have believed the same," Gorsuch wrote. "But the First Amendment stands as a shield against any effort to enforce orthodoxy in thought or speech in this country."
Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson, who read portions of her dissent from the bench, said the court's decision threatens to prevent states from regulating medical care, risking "grave harm to Americans' health and wellbeing."
"The Constitution does not pose a barrier to reasonable regulation of harmful medical treatments just because substandard care comes via speech instead of a scalpel," she wrote.
1 / 0Demonstrators gather outside Supreme Court over conversion therapy caseDemonstrators protest against conversion therapy outside the Supreme Court as the Court hears oral arguments in Chiles v. Salazar, a landmark case on conversion therapy, on Oct. 7, 2025, in Washington, DC. The Supreme Court will hear a challenge today by a Christian therapist to a Colorado law that bans "conversion therapy" for minors who are questioning their gender identity or sexual orientation. The case was brought by Kaley Chiles, a licensed mental health counselor who argues that the prohibition from holding such conversations with minors is a violation of her First Amendment free speech rights.Christian counselor backed by Trump administration
Kaley Chiles, a licensed counselor with a master's degree in clinical mental health who said she practices from a Christian perspective, said the law allows her to help young people embrace a transgender identity but not help them "grow in peace and comfort with the body that you're in."
The Justice Department under the Trump administration backed Chiles, telling the court that Colorado "is muzzling one side of an ongoing debate in the mental-health community about how to discuss questions of gender and sexuality with children."
Colorado licensed counselor Kaley ChilesColorado argued conversion therapy is harmful
During the October oral arguments, Colorado state attorney Shannon Stevenson said there's no evidence that conversion therapy works, while studies have shown that "telling someone there is something innate about yourself you can change" is harmful.
But Chiles' attorney disputed the applicability of studies to her form of counseling.
And the Justice Department pointed to a problem with relying on the "prevailing standard of care" to regulate therapy, noting that as recently as the 1970s, the medical community agreed that being gay was a mental illness.
Protesters rally outside the Supreme Court as the justices hears oral arguments on whether Colorado's ban on providing conversion therapy to LGBTQ+ children violates a private therapist's rights to free speech in Washington, D.C., on October 7, 2025.
The American Psychiatric Association declassified homosexuality as a mental illness in 1973.
More than a dozen mental health and medical professional organizations – including the American Psychological Association and the American Psychiatric Association – now say efforts to change someone's sexual orientation, gender identity, or gender expression "do not meet the criteria of a legitimate therapeutic treatment."
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Still, in 2023, The Trevor Project – an advocacy group for LGBTQ+ people – said it found more than 600 professional counselors who say they can help alter someone's sexual orientation or gender identity. (The group identified hundreds of additional unlicensed counselors who operate through a religious capacity and are not covered by laws like Colorado's.)
"The Supreme Court's decision to treat the dangerous practice of conversion therapy as constitutionally protected speech is a tragic step backward for our country that will put young lives at risk," Trevor Project CEO Jaymes Black said in a statement after the ruling.
Chiles, the Colorado therapist, called the decision "a victory for counselors and, more importantly, kids and families everywhere."
"Counselors walking alongside these young people shouldn't be limited to promoting state-approved goals like gender transition, which often leads to harmful drugs and surgeries," she said.
Justice Elena Kagan, one of the two liberals who voted with the court's six conservatives, said Colorado may be able to regulate counseling as long as the state's rules are "viewpoint-neutral."
"Fuller consideration of that question, though, can wait for another day," she wrote in a concurring opinion joined by Justice Sonia Sotomayor. "We need not here decide how to assess viewpoint-neutral laws regulating health providers' expressions because, as the Court holds, Colorado's is not one."
In a statement, Colorado Gov. Jared Polis said he is considering how to proceed. Polis, the country's first openly gay elected governor, signed the law.
"Conversion therapy doesn't work, can seriously harm youth, and Coloradans should beware before turning over their hard-earned money to a scam," said Polis, a Democrat. "I am evaluating the U.S. Supreme Court ruling and working to figure out how to better protect LGBTQ youth and free speech in Colorado."
String of losses in LGBTQ+ cases from Colorado
Colorado, a pioneering state for gay rights, has been at the center of two previous Supreme Court cases about LGBTQ+ issues in the past seven years.
More: From 'hate state' to pioneer, Colorado has another LGBTQ+ case at Supreme Court
In those cases, the court sided with a website developer and a cake baker opposed to providing some services to gay customers because of their religious beliefs.
More recently, in a case from Tennessee, the Supreme Court ruled last year that states can ban gender affirming care for minors, including surgeries, puberty blockers and hormone treatments.
More: Supreme Court to take up blockbuster case on transgender athletes joining girls' teams
The justices are currently considering whether states can prevent transgender girls and women from playing on female sports teams.
Contributing: Trevor Hughes
This article originally appeared on USA TODAY: Supreme Court rules against ban on conversion therapy for minors
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Published: March 31, 2026 at 11:54PM on Source: RED MAG
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Supreme Court&x27;s trans conversion ban ruling to start new legal debate Maureen Groppe, USA TODAY Tue, March 31, ...
